Training Needs Assessment of Academic Archivists in Iloilo City

Alenzuela, Reysa (2004). Training Needs Assessment of Academic Archivists in Iloilo City. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. University of the Philippines, Diliman, Q.C.

The Problem and Its Methodology

This study surveyed administrators and archives personnel of academic institutions in Iloilo City in order to assess their training needs and to recommend modules for training in archives administration. Administrators and archives personnel from 22 colleges and 5 universities were the respondents in the study. Eight of these institutions have established their archives while the rest numbering 19, have plans to establish one in their institutions. Although there may be other reasons why majority of these institutions do not have established archives, this study focused on the lack of training and education of administrators and archives personnel as one factor affecting the development of a sound archives program in the city.

Findings

The data in this study showed that there was inadequate training of by people involved in the establishment and administration of archives. This inadequacy cause by the unavailability of archives education programs. In the opinion of administrators, archives education was not available or was inadequate. Forty-six and forty-three (46.43) percent of them believed that there was no existing organization which promoted archives education and training; thirty-two and fourteen (32.14) percent were not aware of any training conducted in the city; and twenty-one and forty-three (21.43) percent said that no archives training was being held. The opinions of administrators were confirmed by the archives personnel. Thirty-three and thirty-three (33.33) percent of the archives propounded that continuing education programs were inadequate while sixty-six and sixty-six (66.66) percent said that it was mostly available.

Conclusions

There was a need to promote awareness of archives education in Iloilo City. The study probed into how the archival training would be effected in academic institutions in Iloilo City. In order to determine their needs, the personal data or profile of administrators and archives personnel, previous training they have attended, including the time for asking the training, and the mode of archives education they will take were analyzed.

The archives education most preferred by respondents was seminar-workshops. Other modes which were found desirable were conferences/conventions, symposia and distance education. The most preferred topics of the respondents vis-à-vis their educational background were: Records management, Arrangement and description, Preservation and restoration, Reference, Access and Security, Archives concepts, Principles and practices.

Information Skills Assessment as a Basis for Developing ILIAC

Information Skills Assessment as a Basis for Developing ILIAC

Researcher: SOCORRO PLACIDA LIMPIN

Course: Master of Arts in Education Major in Library Science

School: Philippine Normal University

Subject Area: Information Skills

Year of Graduation: 2004

User's Assessment of the Electronic Resources of the Dela Salle University (DLSU) Library: Basis of a Proposed Upgrading Program

Researcher: ANNABELLE F. ALIWALAS

Course: Master of Arts in Library Science

School: Centro Escolar University, Philippines

Subject Area: Library Automation

Year of Graduation: 2004

A Proposed Automation Plan for Saint Mary's University Library

Researcher: DAVID A. CABONERO

Course: Master of Arts major in Library Science

School: Centro Escolar University, Philippines

Subject Area: Library Automation

Year of Graduation: March 2004

Introduction
The rapid developments in computers in libraries around the world led to the increased used of information and communications technologies in creating and delivering better library and information services.

Statement of the Problem
The main thrusts of this study is to determine the present status of Saint Mary's University (SMU) Library. Specifically, it answers the following questions:

1. What are the characteristics of the respondents with regard to: age, gender, and tear level (students), highest educational attainment, and length of service in SMU (faculty and librarians)?

2. What is the status of SMU library as perceived by the students, faculty, and librarians with regard to the library collection, organization of the collection, library staff, library services, physical facilities, information technology facilities, and financial support?

3. How did the perceptions of the respondents compare on the aforementioned areas?

4. What are the functions and services of SMU library that need to be automated as perceived by the respondents?

5. What automation plan can be prepared for SMU library?

Methodology
The survey questionnaire was the main instrument used in gathering data. It was administered to five hundred six (506) respondents. The accomplished assessment tools were gathered for analysis, tabulation and interpretation using the statistical measures which include the frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation and analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Findings
1. Profile of the Respondents.
The following are the profile of the respondents: 1) Majority of the students (50.9 percent) were aged 18-19; 64.6 percent were female; and 31.1 percent were sophomores; 2) Twenty-eight percent of the faculty were aged 26-32 years old; 68 percent were female; majority of them were pursuing their Master's degrees; and 48 percent had served the school for 1-5 years; 3) Fifty percent of the librarians were 26-30 years old; 75 percent were female; 60.5 percent were pursuing their Master's degrees; and 62.5 percent have stayed for 1-10 years.

2. Status of Saint Mary's University Library, College Department
The following were the analyses of the data on the status of the SMU library: 1) The students and the faculty respondents perceived the library collection as “good” while the librarian respondents perceived it as “very good;” 2) The respondents agreed that the card catalog, periodical index, research aids, vertical files, and CD-ROMs were effective and adequate; 3) The students and librarian respondents perceived as “good” the readiness of the librarians for automation of the library services while the faculty perceived it as “very good;” 4) The students and librarians perceived as “good” while the faculty perceived it as “very good; the services of the library; 5) Both students and librarians perceived the physical facilities of the library as “good” while the faculty perceived it as “very good;” 6) All the respondents perceived it as “moderately sufficient” the computers and the printers in the library; and 7) The respondents agreed that the library fees were spent solely for the library and that the Director of the Libraries had full responsibility of preparing the library budget.

3. Comparison of the Perceptions of the Respondents
There was a significant different between the perceptions of the students and faculty on library collection. The students perceived as “good” while the faculty perceived it as “very good;” The perception of the students differed very significantly from those of the faculty on the aspects library staff, library services, physical facilities and financial support. The students perceived them as “good” while the faculty perceived it as “very good.”

4. Priority Needs for Library Automation
The respondents prioritized the library functions and services in the following order: 1) card catalog; 2) security control; 3) circulation control; 4) reference service; 5) indexing module; 6) cataloging module; 7) serial module; and 8) acquisition module. They also suggested the development of the electronic resources in the following order: 1) Internet access; 2) CD-ROMs; 3) Online databases; 4) CD-ROM databases; and 5) electronic journals.

5. A Proposed Automation Plan for Saint Mary's University Library.
The following activities were identified: 1) First priorities to be implemented in 2004-2005 are the acquisition, cataloging, indexing, OPAC, the reference/information services, and Internet access; 2) Second priorities to be implemented in 2005-2006 are the circular module and the digitization of important documents; 3) Third priorities to be implemented in 2006-2007 are the electronic journals, online databases, and security control system; and 4) The last priority to be implemented in 2007-2008 is the serial management.

Conclusions
1. There is a need to improve and modernize the collections, facilities and services of the library;
2. Saint Mary's University is financially capable of supporting the needs of its library, especially the automation of library function; and
3. The consensus of the library users is that there is a need to improve the library through information and communications technology.

Recommendations
1. Implementation of the library automation plan to improve the services of Saint Mary's University library; and
2. Continuous evaluation of the automation development to ensure implementation of the program.

Assessment of the Reference Services of the Libraries of the Canossa Group of Schools: Basis for a Proposed Reference Services Program

Researcher: SEONY S. SAN BUENAVENTURA

Course: Master of Arts in Library Science

School: Centro Escolar University, Philippines

Subject Area: Reference Services

Year of Graduation: 2004

A Descriptive Catalogue of the Seventeenth Century Rare Books Collection from the University of Santo Tomas Library

Researcher: ESTRELLA S. MAJUELO

Course: Master of Arts in Library Science

School: University of Santo Tomas, Philippines

Subject Area: Cataloging-Rare Books

Year of Graduation: 2003

Abstract

The general concern of this study is to present an intensive and complete Catalogue of the very early books which now compromise the rare book collection of the University and, every now and then, would cite important notes about each book under investigation, how these books reached the UST Library and their importance to the growth of the University.

This study includes an analysis of the important and rare collection of the seventeenth century in the printed books of the University of Santo Thomas with a total of 1.070 titles in 1,514 volumes. The researcher focused the investigation on books which she believes might have been used as textbooks during the first century of the University's existence, that is, ca. 1611-1711.

The seventeenth century collection of the University of Santo Thomas Library' majority of which are Latin, some are Spain and few in French and German, is hereby presented in a Catalogue. Complete bibliographic information of each title are cited; a descriptive analysis as to physical condition plus other important features on the book; the mark/s. If there is any, such as ex-libris, ownership marks and/or the different library stamps used by the UST Library from the time its existence; and a brief description of the contents of the book. A corresponding number is assigned to each entry/title as point of reference. Likewise, an index or authors, titles and subjects and a separate index for printers are provided. A separate chapter on the Ownership Marks has been included to allow the researcher to make further study in order to explore and analyze the different seals or marks of ownership. A printed catalog, especially if it is descriptive, is an important aid to researcher and serves a large number of users, The description of a book in a catalogue often determines the possibility and extent of a book's usefulness.

These books which have been stored for the last fifty years in the Rare Books section of the University of Santo Thomas Library are now accessible and can easily and conveniently be retrieved through this Catalogue.

Job Satisfaction & Productivity of Librarians in the NCR: AProposed Vitalized Action Program Towards the Enchancement of Librarianship as a Profession

Researcher: EDNA J. RECANA

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy in Education.

School: University of Santo Tomas, Philippines

Subject Area: Job Satisfaction, Librarian

Year of Graduation: 2003

Abstract:

Management of human resources is a continuing process of change. As one set of objectives are achieved, new standards of excellence and new challenges arise. Hence, administration applies three basic criteria of effectiveness in managing the human resources of the library. One criterion is the satisfaction and well being of staff members; second, the ability of the organization to sustain innovation in the system by developing new capabilities. Efficient and effective service of libraries depends on their staff, or human resources, the librarians. Hence, the third basic criterion is the job satisfaction of librarians who play a vital role in this technology and information era.

Information Technology Advancement at De La Salle Santiago Zobel Library: A Staff Perception

Researcher: NELIA G. ARTIEDA

Course: Master of Arts in Education Major in Library Science

School: Philippine Normal University

Subject Area: Information Technology

Year of Graduation: 2003

A Prototype Tracer Study of Library Science Graduates: Curricular Implications

Researcher: ROSARIO A. VILLAMATER

Course: Master of Arts in Education Major in Library Science

School: Philippine Normal University

Subject Area: Tracer Study

Year of Graduation: 2003

Development of a Prototype Multimedia Center for Private Academic Libraries in Metro Manila

Researcher: PURITA P. USON

Course: Master of Arts in Education Major in Library Science

School: Philippine Normal University

Subject Area: Media Center

Year of Graduation: 2003

Development and Validation of Interlibrary Loan Program for Selected Academic Libraries in Cavite

Researcher: ROSALINA A. SORIANO

Course: Master of Arts in Education Major in Library Science

School: Philippine Normal University

Subject Area: Academic Libraries

Year of Graduation: 2003

Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) and Circulation System of Jose Rizal University: An Assessment

Researcher: MERCEDITA C. BATALIA

Course: Master of Arts in Education Major in Library Science

School: Philippine Normal University

Subject Area: OPAC

Year of Graduation: 2003

Improving the Library and Museum of General Nakar using the Deming Cycle Model

Researcher: CHARINA MAILA L. ELLO-AVELLANEDA

Course: Master of Arts in Education Major in Library Science

School: Philippine Normal University

Subject Area: Libraries, Museums

Year of Graduation: 2003

An Assessment of the Library Resources and Services of Sta. Isabel College, Manila: Basis for Proposed Five-Year Development Plan

Researcher: ANABELLE P. TABIANAN

Course: Master of Arts major in Library Science

School: Centro Escolar University, Philippines

Subject Area: Library Development Plan

Year of Graduation: 2003

Rationale
The call for quality education has challenged school administrators to review their educational services provided to students as well as the faculty. According to Alan Carter, "The library is the heart of the university." Thus, its services should be geared towards implementing the general program and specific educational goals of the college.

Statement of the Problem
The main thrust of the study was to assess the resources and services of Sta. Isabel College Library. Specifically, it sought to answers the following questions:

1. How were the following areas of Sta. Isabel College Library assessed by the administrators/faculty, students and library personnel: 1.1. Library Collection; 2) Library Personnel; 3) Physical Facilities; 1.4) Financial Support; and 5) Services?

2. What recommendations were made by the administrators/faculty and student respondents to improve the services and resources of Sta. Isabel College Library?

3. What proposed five-year development plan may be proposed to achieve quality resources and services of Sta. Isabel College Library?

Methodology
The survey questionnaire was the main instrument and was based on PAARL Standards. The subject of the study was composed of 263 students, 30 faculty/administrators, and 3 librarians. The accomplished assessment tools were gathered for analysis, tabulation and interpretation using the statistical measures which include the percentage and frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation.

Findings
1. Assessment of the different areas of Sta. Isabel College Library.
1.1. Library Collection. The administrators/faculty respondents give a rating “very good” while the students rate the library collection as “good”. Likewise, when the students asked if the collection of books are enough to support the curriculum, it was rated also “good”.

On the assessment of library personnel, the library collection was rated “very good”. Three items are rated “excellent”: general references; up-to-dateness and relevance of the library collections. Other items were rated “good”. As whole, the library personnel rating was the highest while the students rating the lowest.

1.2. Library personnel. The administrators/faculty and librarian respondents rated the library personnel “very good” while the students perceived “good” for library personnel. The students perceived “good” in terms of efficiency and promptness of the personnel in giving service to the clientele and the efficiency in answering reference questions. This implies that the library needed to deliver more efficient service to the users. As a whole, the administrators/faculty rating got the highest while librarian was the middle and the students rating was the lowest.

1.3 .Physical Facilities. The rating given by the three groups of respondents (administrators/faculty, students and librarian) on physical facilities was “very good”. Two items was rated “excellent” by the library personnel respondents: lighting and ventilation. However, the provisions for security measures the use of computer and Internet service were rated “good”. The Information Technology section needed improvement especially in providing a functional server unit of the Internet service.

1.4. Financial Support. As to the financial support, the over all rating of the administrators/faculty respondents was “very good” while the student respondents gave rating “good” with a weighted mean of 2.70 and standard deviation of 0.65. Meaning the provisions were moderately extensive.

As perceived by the students, the responsibility to prepare, defend and administer the library budget was given to the librarian and it was rated “very good” while the following items was rated “good”: The budget allocation for library which means that the library depended only on the income generated from library fees which were not entirely used for the purchase of books and journals.

1.5. Library Services. As perceived by the administrators/faculty respondents regarding library services and use was “very good” indicating that the staff functioning adequately. Printing Services and security measures for library was rated “good” indicating the need for improvement. As perceived by the students, the services offered by library was rated “good” as over all rating. As perceived by library personnel respondents, the services was rated “very good”. However, the following were rated “good”: CD-ROM, Internet Service,Printing Service, Photocopy Service, Index to periodical collection. “Fair” was also given to item pertaining to adequate safeguard against losses,mutilation and theft. As a whole, the five areas as perceived by the administrators/faculty with weighted mean of 3.96, students with a weighted mean of 3.37 and library personnel rated the library with a weighted mean of 3.73. Over all mean is 3.69, interpreted as “Very Good”.

2. Recommendations for the Improvements of the Library
2.1. Library Collection. More informative books; books on public relation; more new books and periodicals; more references and at least two copies in every major subjects. Weeded out books that do not give enough information was another recommendation and systematic acquisition procedures must be implemented and to produce materials of limited copies.

2.2. Library Personnel. The respondents would like to have library staff who are more friendly, more considerate, reasonable, approachable and courteous. Additional staff for library was also suggested and knowledgeable librarian in all aspect of work.

2.3. Physical Facilities. The respondents suggested to have more computer and faster Internet service; upgrade and high tech facilities; better ventilation of the library.

2.4. Financial Support. There must be a clear budget in the acquisition of books for every department and additional library funds.

2.5. Service and Use. Improvement or upgrading of the Internet service and improvement of the library procedures. Other services like photo copier must be improved.

3. A proposed Five Year Development plan for the Sta. Isabel College Library.
The areas and programs were identified based on the recommendations and suggestions of the respondents are the priorities to achieve quality resource and services.

Conclusion
Based on the findings, the conclusions was drawn that while the library was perceived to be performing adequately, there are some areas needed to be improved such as collection, personnel, library automation, financial support and services.

Recommendation
1.That the proposed five-year Development Plan be adapted.
2.The same research should be replicated in the Elementary and High School levels of Sta. Isabel College.

The Perception of the De La Salle Zobel School High School Students School Year 2000-2001 on the Library Resources, Services and Facilities

Researcher: HERMINIA NEM SINGH CAPARAS

Course: Master of Arts in Education Major in Library Science

School: Philippine Normal University

Subject Area: Library Resources

Year of Graduation: 2002

The Effectiveness of Library Instruction Program on De La Salle Santiago Zobel Grade 7 Students Information Literacy

Researcher: CAROLINA J. BALLESTEROS

Course: Master of Arts in Education Major in Library Science

School: Philippine Normal University

Subject Area: Information Literacy

Year of Graduation: 2002

The Technical Services of the De La Salle University-Dasmarinas Library : a proposal for Library Networking

Researcher: MA. VICTORIA G. QUIJANO

Course: Master of Arts in Library Science

School: Centro Escolar University, Philippines

Subject Area: Library Networking, Technical Services

Year of Graduation: 2002

The Electronic Resource Services of the De La Salle University Dasmarinas Library: Status and Prospects

Researcher: SONIA M. GEMENTIZA

Course: Master of Arts in Library Science

School: Centro Escolar University, Philippines

Subject Area: Electronic Resources Services

Year of Graduation: 2002

The Motivational Factors that Influence the Performance of Library Personnel: The Case of the DLSU System Libraries

Researcher: MARIBETH DALAG AGUILA

Course: Master of Arts in Library Science

School: Centro Escolar University, Philippines

Subject Area: Library Management

Year of Graduation: 2002

Institutional Self-Assessment of the Nueva Vizcaya State Polytechnic College Library Based on AACCUP Standards

Researcher: NORALYN MANZANO-NATURA

Course: Master of Arts in Education major in Library Science

School: Saint Mary's University, Philippines

Subject Area: Academic Libraries - Nueva Vizcaya

Year of Graduation: 2001

Rationale

An effective and efficient library should meet the needs of the users especially the faculty and students in order to enhance teaching and learning situation and achieve the institution's goal which is quality and excellent education.

Statement of the Problem

The study was conducted to into and assess the status of the Nueva Vizcaya State Polytechnic College (NVSPC) library based on the new accreditation instruments of the AACCUP. It further looked into the extent of problems encountered regarding the different content areas of the NVSPC library. The study was limited to the undergraduate level of the said college.

Methodology

The study employed the descriptive survey method of research as it intended to draw the status of the Nueva Vizcaya State Polytechnic College library. It further employed descriptive-comparative analysis to test the difference in the status evaluation ratings of the library across the different content areas and the differences in the ratings per content area of the three groups of raters. The qualitative type of research was also used in the study.

Thirty (30) administrators and staff, forty (40) faculty members and one hundred and fifty (150) students were the respondents of the study. Random sampling was used for three groups of raters.

Mean scores, standard deviations and percentages were used to describe the status of the Nueva Vizcaya State Polytechnic College library as regards the different content areas of the library. A modified 6-point scale was also utilized to derive the descriptive equivalents of the ratings of the different content areas in the analysis and evaluation of the status of the NVSPC library, while for the extent problems encountered by the three respondents a modified 4-point scale was used. To test the hypotheses, ANOVA was used. Rejection or acceptance of the hypothesis was done at the 0.05 level of significance.

Findings
1. Status of the NVSPC Library Based on the New Instruments of AACCUP Standards.

The NVSPC Library generally complied with the standards of the AACCUP. Five (5) of the seven(7) content areas were rated “very good”, indicating that the provision is moderately extensive and functioning very well. These areas, in order, are: Personnel, Administration, Services and Utilization, Physical Set-Up and Facilities, Collections/Holdings. Financial Support and Linkages were rated “good”. The three groups of raters had the same assessment with regards to financial support and linkages of the library, which they rated as “good”, meaning the conditions are adequate and functioning well. The data on “collection/holdings” showed that there is a need for additional reference materials, magazines and newspapers, multimedia equipment and computers, even if this area was perceived as “very good”.

2. Difference in the Status Evaluation Ratings of the Library Across the Different Content Area. There are significant differences in the status evaluation ratings of the library across the seven (7) content areas evaluated. This is supported by the F-ratio of 23.77 which is significant event at 0.01 level. Based on the mean per content area, the area that had the highest overall rating was “Personnel” while the lowest was Linkages.

3. Differences in the Ratings per Content Area of the Three Groups of Raters of the NVSPC Library.The three respondents groups do not significantly vary in their evaluation. These are supported by the following F-Ratios: 0.64 for Administration, 1.704 for Personnel, 1.473 for Collections/Holdings, .500 for Services and Utilization of the library, .424 for Physical Set-Up and Facilities, .779 for Financial Support and .545 for Linkages.

4. Extent of Problems Encountered by Administrators and Staff, Faculty Members and Students on the Different Content Areas of NVSPC Library. In general, the problems encountered by the administrators and staff, faculty members and students were considered “little” in extent. However, based from what they have enumerated in their comments and suggestions, their main problems were “insufficient library collections, especially on journals, unavailability of some equipment like computer, and a need for additional support staff in the library.”

Conclusion

1. In general, the NVSPC library comes up with the prescribed standards of the AACCUP Accrediting Team, but the need for computers and additional books, magazines and multimedia materials is very important for the teaching-learning process.

2. The NVSPC does not allot specific and adequate budget for the library alone to provide needed learning resources in the library.

3. On area of collections/holdings, there is a need to increase the collection of Engineering books.

4. The librarians were qualified and licensed but they were not granted academic status equal to that of the faculty.

5.The physical set-up of the library is generally very good; it is spacious, well-ventilated, well-lighted, and clean. There is a separate library for the Graduate School.

6.The Linkages of the library are not efficiently carried out.

7. The three groups of respondents have similar evaluations with regards to the different content areas of the NVSPC Library.

8. The dominant problems encountered by the administrators and staff, faculty members and students were: insufficient library collections especially on journals/magazines in line with the curriculum, unavailability of some equipment like computers and multimedia, and a need for additional support staff in the library.

Recommendations
1. The administrators and librarians of the NVSPC should consider seriously the library standards of the AACCUP in their efforts to improve further the library.

2. The administration should allot a definite and adequate budget for the acquisition of library materials and resources to improve library services.

3. There should be a continuing evaluation of the library by administrators, librarians, faculty and the students.

4. Collections should be improved.

5. Linkages with other libraries in the Region should be established.

6. Computers, Internet access should be installed in the College Library.

7. The collection of magazines and journals should be improved and updated.

8. Furniture and equipment in the library like tables and shelves should be standardized.

9. Non-book resources like multimedia, CD-ROMs and others should be added.

10. Additional support staff be provided.

11. A follow up study can be cinducted.

Status, Problems and Prospects of Networking among Libraries of Higher Education Institutions in the Province of Isabela

Researcher: ELLEN G. ANCIANO

Course: Master of Arts in Education major in Library Science

School: Saint Mary's University, Philippines

Subject Area: Library Networking-Isabela

Year of Graduation: 2001

Introduction

Library networking is a potentially workable and valid process of obtaining coordination among libraries and information service organizations engaged in educational programs and other development-related activities. This means the coming together of two or more information systems and/or libraries as partners in accomplishing specific development tasks supportive of their agency's goals and objectives towards quality education.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the status, problems, and prospects of networking among libraries of higher education institutions in the province of Isabela on the following aspects: (1) Status of the libraries of HEI's on terms of: staff, clientele, library collection, services, equipment and facilities, and budget, (2) Status of networking activities in terms of: information resource sharing and cooperative technical service, (3) Problems and constraints in networking as perceived by the librarians, and (4) Prospects of networking in terms of: perceived relevance of networking, extent of readiness of the libraries as perceived by the librarians, and activities perceived by the librarians to be initiated immediately.

Methodology

The study utilized the descriptive-normative method of research. The respondents involved were the librarians of 13 HEI's, namely: AAIC, Angadanan; CPC, Cauayan; DAMIAT, San Mariano; ICF, Cauayan; ISAT, Ilagan; ISU, Echague; OLPI, Cauayan; NC, Santiago City; PSCC, Santiago City; PNU, Alicia; SFC, Ilagan; ULS, Santiago City; and WIPC, Mallig, Isabela. The instrument used in gathering data was a researcher-developed questionnaire. Frequency distribution, percentage, rank, mean and standard deviation were used in the analysis of the data.

Findings
1.Status of HEI's libraries

The average size of the professional staff per library is 1.23; only one is a semi-professional staff, and the rest are support staff. The average size of the clientèle in all the study schools is 822.54 with 6 administrators, 39.08 faculty, 24 personnel, 23.92 researchers and 729.54 students. Most users of the libraries in every school are students with a total of 9,484.

Each of the HEI's libraries has an average library holdings of 7,522.85 which include 4,472.62 volumes of books; 1,978.31 titles and 2,834.85 volumes of theses and dissertations; 17.08 titles and 75.31 volumes of journals/periodicals. There is an average of 2,200.3 titles and 4,472.62 volumes of book collection with social science and technology books having the greatest mean. The Dewey Decimal Classification system is commonly used by the 13 study schools; only 3 use the AARC 1 and the rest use AARC2; and all of the schools involved use the Sears List of Subject headings as thesaurus for cataloging.

There are more services available among the insiders than the outsiders. Twelve schools (or 92.3%) offer accession list service to their clientèle (insiders). Only 4 schools (or 30.77%) offer accession list service to outsiders. Libraries involved in the study provide borrowing privileges to their inside clientèle; 9 libraries do not provide borrowing privileges to their outside clientèle. The most available equipment and facilities in the study schools are computer facilities and manual typewriters. Only one school does not have any equipment and facilities. Most of the private school have a separate budget for the library while government schools allocate only a part of their general fund for their libraries which is prepared by the administration.

2. Status of Networking Activities

Majority of the study schools participate in informal networking activities such as information resource sharing, i.e., interlibrary access, and referral service and cooperative technical service, particularly, sharing of tools.

3. Problems and Constraints in Networking as Perceived by the Librarians

The main reasons for librarians who are not participating in networking activities are inadequate staff and finance. The major problems which are moderately met by participating libraries in networking activities are external physical and environmental obstacles, absence of formal or written agreement, and inadequate bibliographic tools to share with other libraries.

4. Prospects of Networking Activities

Majority of the respondent schools perceived that networking activities are very relevant; 3 (or 23.07%) perceived that is somewhat relevant; and 1 (or7.69%) perceived that it is of little relevance. The prioritized activities to be initiated immediately as perceived by the librarians are cooperative acquisition of books and periodicals, interlibrary access and current acquisition list.

Conclusions

1. In general, the study schools library are adequately staffed with qualified librarians; their users are mainly students which indicates a potential necessity for networking; the bulk of materials available consists of books and periodicals; there are many services available in the study schools which also open the gate for sharing; equipment as well as facilities in the study schools are said to be adequate, updated and advance; most of the private study schools prepare their library budget, government schools do not.

2. The study schools generally participate in limited informal networking activities.

3. Very few among the study schools do not participate in networking activities. The reasons for not participating in networking activities are inadequacy of stuff and fund.

4. Networking activities are perceived by the respondent schools as relevant in to enhancing quality higher education.

Development and Evaluation of a Library Information Management Package for Tertiary Students

Researcher: WILHEMINA G. BORJAL

Course: Doctor of Education

School: Philippine Normal University

Subject Area: Library Management

Year of Graduation: 2001

Analysis of the Professional and Personal Competencies of Teacher-Librarians: Basis for Quality Assurance Training Program

Researcher: EDNA F. AGUSTIN

Course: Master of Arts in Education Major in Library Science

School: Philippine Normal University

Subject Area: Teacher-Librarians

Year of Graduation: 2001

The Library Resources, Facilities and Services in the Context of Technological Development in Education: The Case of the Wesleyan University-Phils

Researcher: CARMELITA A. TIGLAO

Course: Master of Arts in Library Science

School: Centro Escolar University, Philippines

Subject Area: Library Automation

Year of Graduation: 2001

The Usability, Cost and Compatibility of the Customized Ateneo Professional Schools Library Information System (APSLIS)

Researcher: NENITA A. MEDINA

Course: Master of Arts in Library Science

School: Centro Escolar University, Philippines

Subject Area: Library Automation

Year of Graduation: 2001

The Development of Instructional Media Materials: The Case of the Pasig Catholic College

Researcher: ELVIRA C. LAGUILLES

Course: Master of Arts in Library Science

School: Centro Escolar University, Philippines

Subject Area: Instructional Media Materials

Year of Graduation: 2001

A Proposed Five-Year Development Plan for the Northwestern Mindanao Christian Colleges Library

Researcher: GLENDA PRISCILLE SUMABAT

Course: Master of Arts in Library Science

School: Centro Escolar University, Philippines

Subject Area: Library Development Plan

Year of Graduation: 2001

An Assessment of the Mapua Institute of Technology Library Using Total Quality Management Principles

Researcher: VERONICA M. JOSE

Course: Master of Arts in Library Science

School: Centro Escolar University, Philippines

Subject Area: Library Management

Year of Graduation: 2001

The Organization of Philippine Vocal and instrumental Scores in Selected Academic Music Libraries in Metro Manila: A Survey

Researcher: JOSEPHINE CECILIA L. BARADAS

Course: Master in Library and Information Science

School: University of the Philippines, Quezon City

Subject Area: Music Libraries

Year of Graduation: 2000

Research Problem

The purpose of this study was to determine the following: types of format of Philippine vocal and instrumental music scores that are cataloged in six music libraries in Metro Manila, namely: PWU, SIC, SPCM, SSC, UST, and UPCM; levels of bibliographic description utilized for these scores; sufficiency of the subject authority lists for subject heading assignment for Philippine music scores; provision of additional subjects; and classification systems adopted for these scores. The music scores analyzed were the published and unpublished Philippine vocal and instrumental music scores composed during the early nineteenth century to the present.

Methodology

This study used the descriptive survey method consisting of questionnaires and interviews. The results of the study show that the four types of bound and unbound Philippine Music scores are the music textbooks.

Findings and Conclusions

Five libraries catalog the published Philippine music album while one library (SPCM) has an improvised style of bibliographic description. Three libraries were able to catalog the Philippine music sheets based on AACR2 while one library (SPCM) has utilized another system. Due to numerous acquisitions of music manuscripts, UPCM has substituted an author/title index for the card catalog. PWU has managed to catalog its music manuscripts while in SSC, the music manuscripts remained uncataloged. No manuscripts were found in UST, SIC and SPCM. Majority of the librarians/catalogers have come up with their own improvised subject headings for Philippine music libraries. The subject authority lists, i.e., Sears List and LCSH seem to be insufficient in that the music libraries needed to improvise the subject headings assigned to Philippine music scores and music books. Majority of the libraries have classified their Philippine music collection of scores as Filipiniana materials. Two libraries used the DDC scheme while three libraries make use of the LCC scheme. One library makes use of an improvised classification scheme.

Recommendations

1. Librarians without music background and who are assigned to music libraries must provide time to attend some of the music classes offered by their respective music departments.

2. An association of librarians/catalogers must be established to prepare the cataloging-in-publication for all published and unpublished Philippine music compositions

3. Resource sharing is recommended for the libraries that are in need of Philippine music materials.

4. The notes area should be enhanced by additional information such as: type of notation, first line of a vocal composition, duration of the music piece, and range and key signatures of vocal works.

5. For better access to Philippine music compositions, a review, analysis, and compilation of various subject headings used or the improvised ones, must be made.

6. The form of music composition and subject content of every music score must be reflected in the subject entries.

7. A compilation or an index of Philippine music tunes and themes must be made.

8. A list of subject headings applicable to Filipino music compositions be established.

Information Seeking Behavior of Filipino Visual Artists

Researcher: BIENVENIDA P. CASCO

Course: Master in Library and Information Science

School: University of the Philippines, Quezon City

Subject Area: Information Seeking

Year of Graduation: 2000

Research Problem
This study was conducted to determine if Filipino visual artists make essential use of libraries; the type of libraries which would best meet their needs; their sources of information regarding: 1) technological information needs; 2) visual information needs; and 3) inspirational information needs; if they make essential use of interpersonal sources regarding information in the local art scene; and their modes of selling works, procuring commissions and learning about shows.

Methodology
One hundred fifty respondents were selected with the use of systematic random sampling. The respondents came from a population of 262 professional artists members of the National Commission on Culture and the Arts (NCCA); Art Association of the Philippines (AAP); and the Cultural Center of the Philippines Directory of Visual Artists. The data were gathered using a questionnaire patterned after Cobbledick’s (1996) interview questionnaire. Only 82 (54.06 percent) were returned for analysis. Descriptive statistics were mainly used in the analysis.

Findings and Conclusions
The profile of the respondents show that almost one-fourth (21.95 percent) of the respondents are in the 31-35 age group. Having not much difference in years of experience were age groups of 10 years and below (31.10 percent) and the 11-20 years (32.13 percent). Almost two-thirds (68.28 percent) of the respondents were able to have a bachelor’s degree in Fine Arts, with more than half (58.53 percent) who are self-employed. From the results of the study, it is concluded that artists make essential use of libraries since all of the respondents often go to the libraries. Almost half (43.39 percent) go to university and/or college libraries. Interpersonal sources or people in their own league were their sources of information regarding technology, developments in the local art scene and in the procurement of commissions. Visual information came from the respondents’ own imagination (13.15 percent). Personal life experiences (11.00 percent) were their sources of information. Shows are learned through mail (39.4 percent) and works sold are mainly through direct contact with buyers (36.36 percent). Several recommendations are being made. It is suggested that: 1) visual artists be treated as professionals: 2) practical information on competitions, opportunities, fellowships, and the like should be widely disseminated; 3) visual artists should be encouraged to attend seminars and/or conferences; 4) alumni should also be accommodated in libraries; and 5) linkages between institutions which cater to visual artists should be made even up to the extent of using electronic bulletin boards.
Source: Journal of Philippine Librarianship (21: 96-97) 2000

Service Quality and Client Satisfaction in Selected University Libraries in Metro Manila

Researcher: UMBELINA CINCO CALABON

Course: Master in Library and Information Science

School: University of the Philippines, Quezon City

Subject Area: Library Services

Year of Graduation: 2000

Research Problem

This exploratory study was specifically aimed to investigate if service quality and overall library performance effect client satisfaction, to examine if the educational attainment of clients affect client satisfaction and perception of overall library performance, and to determine whether there are significant differences between and among university libraries regarding client satisfaction, overall library performance and service quality.

Methodology

Top three university libraries in Metro Manila participated in the survey, namely: The University of the Philippines (UP), Ateneo de Manila University and University of Santo Tomas (UST), with a total of 165 respondents. A purposive sampling technique was used in the study. Eighteen 5-point Likert scale with three open-ended questions and demographic data were in the questionnaire, 16 variables in the Likert scale were grouped and classified into personalized services, tangibility and reliability.

Findings and Conclusions

Results of the survey show that the following needs improvement and attention from the library managers: library facilities and equipment, manner by which questions are answered, and participation of clients in library decision-making. Survey also shows that libraries are good on the following: courtesy of personal attention of the staff, on scheduled library hours, location and atmosphere of libraries, and the professionalism and assistance received from the staff. Based on the objectives and problems of this study, the main findings on the tested hypotheses are the following: 1) Overall library performance and service quality positively affect the client satisfaction. The higher the service quality and the overall library performance, the higher the client satisfaction; 2) Educational attainment of clients does not affect the overall library performance and client satisfaction; 3) There are no significant differences between client satisfaction, overall library performance and service quality between and among the three different university libraries. Hypotheses were tested through the use of analysis of variance and linear regression analysis. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social sciences (SPSS). Mistake or errors in service encounters cannot be avoided even with the best strategic plans but an appropriate service recovery effort will always bring favorable results. Because of this, a more in-depth study on qualitative and quantitative data on library services helps us achieve service quality and client satisfaction for users. Service quality is extremely hard to measure and hard to control. Maintaining high quality is not a guarantee for success but a minimum requirement for survival especially if there are limited resources. Service failure can occur if service is unavailable and when delayed or below a minimum acceptable level. Hence, we can all learn from different business techniques like benchmarking, total quality management, just-in-time, continuous improvement, and acquiring adequate funds for value-added services.

Source: Journal of Philippine Librarianship (21: 95-96) 2000

A Study of the Information Services of the Makati City Library

Researcher: ROSARIO IBAY AMERCA

Course: Master in Library and Information Science

School: University of the Philippines, Quezon City

Subject Area: Information Services, Makati City Library

Year of Graduation: 2000

Research Problem

The study aimed to: 1) describe the characteristics of the various user groups of the Makati City Library; 2) describe the library’s present services, resources, and facilities; 3) identify the range of information needs of its users; 4) evaluate the extent to which the library’s present services, resources, and facilities meet the information needs of its users, and ; 5) recommend and propose the measures on how the library may improve its services by developing it along the lines of a business-oriented information center.

Methodology

The seven user groups included in the study were businessmen, government employees, housewives, the elderly, students, and children aged 10-13 who were regular users of the library. Through purposive sampling, 50 respondents from each user group were chosen for a total of 350 respondents. A questionnaire was given to these respondents as they came to use the library.

Findings

Findings reveal that the largest library-using groups are those under 20 years of age, 36.86 percent, composed of children, students and some out-of-school youth. As a whole, the users were mostly female, 68 percent, single, 48 percent, had college degrees, 27.15 percent, and had not yet earning any income, 26.2 percent, due to the predominance of groups under 20 years of age. Despite varied information needs from such a varied group of users, the six most sought information areas are: 1) career development/job placement, 9.09 percent, 2) information technology, 8.75 percent, 3) health, 8.14 percent, 4) communication and transportation, 7.25 percent, 5) cooperatives, 7.13 percent, and 6) sports and recreation, 6.91 percent. Least sought information is agriculture and fisheries, 1.45 percent. The users mostly rely on magazines, 17.3 percent, newspapers, 16.74 percent, and books, 15.79 percent in that order, as information resources. Besides the City Library, however, they also go to the barangay libraries within the Makati City area, to local government offices inside the City Hall of Makati, and informal resources like friends, barangay officials, and local government officials. Among the top information services provided to the users in the City of Makati are those pertaining to social welfare, 19.64 percent, small and medium-scale businesses, 19.64 percent, protective services, 13.2 percent, health, 10.97 percent, environment and ecology, 8.51 percent, and infrastructure, 5.94 percent. As to the Makati City Library’s services and facilities, 54.57 percent say their use of it is irregular, depending on their information needs. The foremost reason for use of the library is to further continue honing skills, 17.4 percent. Their number one difficulty in obtaining information (51.02 percent) is that copies of the books or reading materials are very limited making it hard for them to avail of the copy. To some users, the Makati City Library always meet their information needs, 39.14 percent, although materials are available some of the time, 38.58 percent. The collection/facilities are on the average barely sufficient for their information needs, 30.8 percent. Books (57.14 percent) and periodicals (62.29) percent are evaluated as adequate, while facilities, on the average, are deemed excellent (57.36 percent). The personnel are rated as helpful to them, 72.29 percent.

Recommendations

1. Expansion and improvement of the collection, services, and facilities for the library.

2. Development of additional library services along the lines of a business-oriented information center, catering to the most sought-after information needs for career development/job placement, information technology, health transportation and communication, and sports and recreation.

3. Coordination with public and private offices and organizations, such as the Public Employment Services Office (PESO) in the City Hall, Philippine Overseas Employment Authority (POEA), business firms, and employment agencies for a linkage through a computer network system of job information exchange and dissemination.

4. request the City Government of Makati for funding support for the five-year development plan of the Makati City Library, particularly in the need to invest in its automation.

Information Systems Planning in Selected Libraries in the Philippines

Researcher: FERDINAND ANGELO M. ALIPIS

Course: Master in Library and Information Science

School: University of the Philippines, Quezon City

Subject Area: Information Systems

Year of Graduation: 2000

Research Problem

This study was investigation and documentation of the information systems planning experiences of the selected libraries in the Philippines. It involved four (4) selected types of libraries namely, the National Library (public library), the International Rice Research Institute Library (IRRI) (special library), the Rizal Library of the Ateneo de manila University (academic library), and the Immaculate Conception Academy (ICA) High School Library in Greehills, San Juan (school library). The specific objectives of the study were to: 1) describe the steps/activities in information systems planning by libraries with integrated library systems planning; 2) identify the factors which influenced information systems planning; 3) determine the problems encountered by libraries in information systems planning; 4) highlight the key success factors in undertaking information systems planning; and 5) identify the benefits of information systems planning.

Methodology

The method used in this research was case study. Data were gathered through the structured interview using a questionnaire. Documentary sources were also looked into. Analytical discussion was the main approach in data analysis and is presented in narrative form.

Findings and Conclusions

The libraries in this study undertook information systems planning with no strict adherence to any formal planning approach. The IRRI Library was primarily guided prescribed by Duval and Main (1992). The Rizal Library went through rigorous planning within the context of consortium. In its own, the ICA Library conducted information systems planning in some of the steps they undertook relates prescribes by some formal planning approaches. The National Library experience may be considered another formal planning approach by itself. Based on the experiences, planning concepts such as steps/activities, motivational factors, problems encountered, key success factors, and benefits of information systems planning were also found applicable. In these libraries, factors, which led to information systems planning, were driven by technology, management, financial considerations and service. The information systems planning of the libraries in this study were successful due to factors internal to the organization such as staff commitment and capability and external factors such as the services of a consultant. The two main problems encountered in information systems planning relates to technology and staff capability for the undertaking. Technology is developing so fast that planners have to constantly keep track of it. Knowledge and skills in planning seems to be inadequate. The benefits derived by libraries in the conduct of information systems planning can be viewed on two levels: the organizational level and the individual staff level. The organizational benefits include: 1) strengthened culture of planning; 2) smooth and successful implementation of the project; 3) clarified goals and directions; 4) potential problems anticipated; 5) decisions drawn wisely; 6) broadened staff horizons; 7) enhanced staff capabilities, skills and competence; and 8) uplifted staff morale. As far as staff benefit is concerned, they specifically gained a broad view of their library and of the value of information technology. The enhancement of skills, capabilities and competence followed after the information systems planning experience.

Source: Journal of Philippine Librarianship (21:89-90) 2000

The University of Santo Tomas Library Automation Project: A Descriptive Analysis

Researcher: ANGELITA P. TIMBANGCAYA

Course: Master of Arts in Library Science

School: University of Santo Tomas, Philippines

Subject Area: Library Automation

Year of Graduation: 2000

An Assessment of the Library Services Offered by 6 Selected Protestant Theological Seminary Libraries in the Phils: Implication for Lib Service Dev't

Researcher: EUN JA. SEO

Course: Master of Arts in Library Science

School: University of Santo Tomas, Philippines

Subject Area: Library Services

Year of Graduation: 2000

THE LIBRARY RESOURCES, FACILITIES AND SERVICES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – LAGUNA: AN ASSESSMENT

Researcher:  ANILINE ADOVISO VIDAL

Course:  Master of Arts in Education Major in Library Science

School: The National Teachers College

Subject Area: Library collection; Library services, Library facilities

Year of Graduation: March 2000

Introduction:

The increasing demand for higher education during the past few decades has resulted in the expansion of almost all colleges in the nation into multipurpose institution. Before one can fairly judge the effectiveness of the school’s program, it is necessary to examine the existing library resource since the quality of the library is an indicator for quality education. It is often believed that the best universities have the beast libraries. Consequently, unless a college or university continues to maintain its library resources in response to the present academic and research needs as well as in anticipation of future needs, such library ceases to be effective in performing its function in the academic community.

Statement of the problem:

This study aimed to assess the existing library resources, facilities and services of the University of Perpetual Help System Laguna, specifically, it aimed to answer the following questions:

1. What was the profile of the respondents as regards:

1.1   age, 1.2 sex, 1.3 educational attainment and 1.4 civil status?

2. How adequate were the existing library resources/facilities?
3. To what extent was the utilization of the school’s library services?
4. What problems were met by the respondents in terms of:

4.1. Collection, 4.2. Facilities, 4.3. Services

       5. What recommendations/suggestions were offered by the respondents to solve the problems in

                Terms of:

                5.1. Collection, 5.2. Facilities, 5.3. Services

Methodology:

The researcher used the descriptive method method with the questionnaire as the primary instrument in gathering the data. It was used to determine the status, to tell “what exists,” since the main purpose of the study was to make an assessment of the library resources, facilities and services of the University of Perpetual Help System Laguna.

  

Findings:

1. On Resources/Facilities – The collections and facilities were rated as adequate by the students, faculty and librarians.
2. On Extent of Utilization of Library Services – The three respondents rated the extent of the utilization of the library services as average in extent, it means that the library services were utilized and implemented.
3. On Problems met – The problems met by the respondents in terms of collection were the library has few recent published books, lack of newspapers and magazines, audiovisual materials are not in the library and vertical file materials are not up-to-date. The problems met in terms of facilities were lack of airconditioning units and computers, lack of tables and chairs and the card catalog is not up-to-date. The problems met in terms of services were the librarians do not have time to assist the reader, the library rules and regulations are not well explained, the library do not practice interlibrary loan and lack of photocopier.
4. On the recommendations/suggestions offered – To solve the problems in terms of collection, the library should purchase new updated books, subscribe to additional journals and periodicals, audiovisual materials should be placed in the library, update the vertical file materials are among the recommendations/suggestions offered by the respondents. In terms of facilities, the library should acquire additional airconditioning units and computers, purchase additional tables and chairs, and update the card catalog. In services, the librarian should assist the readers in locating information, explain well the library rules and regulations during the orientation, practice interlibrary loan, acquire additional photocopier. 

Concusions:

Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusion were drawn: 1) The students and faculty of the UPHSL are frequent library users and have different library needs and demands. 2) The current library of UPHSL were perceived by the respondents to be adequate except for some areas which need to be improved and developed. 3) There were no significant differences found in the perceptions of the respondents on the present library resources, facilities and services. 4) A variety of problems met encountered by the respondents but the situation are still tolerable on the part of the library users. 5) The UPHSL Library had averagely met the standards and requirments set by the Commission on Higher Education, and 6) The indications drawn-up from the study can now serve as a starter to further improvee the library resources, facilities and services.

Recommendations:

1. Library staff – An additional number of qualified staff who are license should be provided to man the different service areas and for eventual preparation for training on computerization. Regular training should be given to the library staff. Library staff should be consistent in adhering to library rules and regulations.
2. Physical Facilities – To improve students’ use of materials and service conditions for the readers comfort should be improved. Additional airconditioning should be installed for better and conducive sorrounding. The card catalog and vertical file collections should be updated for the use of the faculty and the students.
3. Library collection – A Five Year Library Collection Development Program should be formulated to acquire more references, specifically, the recent editions of the curricula and general references to balance the selection and acquisitions of library materials. Research advisory service should be provided to expose the students to more materials needed for research. Audiovisual and the electronic materials should be available to students and there should be a separate room to house all these materials. To maintain the quality of the library collection, a weeding program to discard outdated books and obsolete materials should be undertaken. Purchase new updated books.
4. Library Services – There is a need to redefine and evaluate the objectives of the library services to give more emphasis on the importance of the library research and to improve the students’ use of the library. The circulation and reference service should be expanded by the provision of many computers for the online public access catalog (OPAC) for quick and easy access to the library resources available. Students and faculty should be properly informed on the newly acquired materials.

Development, Implementation and Evaluation of a Needs-Based Training Design for Effective Librarianship

Researcher: MARIA A. ORENDAIN

Course: Doctor of Education

School: Philippine Normal University

Subject Area: Librarianship

Year of Graduation: 2000

Development Plan for the Automation of the Ateneo De Naga Library Services

Researcher: EDNA M. SAN BUENAVENTURA

Course: Master of Arts in Library Science

School: Centro Escolar University, Philippines

Subject Area: Library Automation

Year of Graduation: 2000

Survey of Job Dimensions and Professional Requirements of Special Librarians in Metro Manila

Researcher: AMOR D. BARNACHEA

Course: Master of Library Science

School: University of the Philippines, Philippines

Subject Area: Special Librarians - Metro Manila

Year of Graduation: 1989

Library Skills of Grade Four Students in the University of St. La Salle-Integrated School: Basis for a Proposed Library Instruction Program

Researcher: NATTY L. GIMONY

Course: Master of Science in Library Science

School: University of San Carlos, Philippines

Subject Area: Library Instruction

Year of Graduation: 1993

Library Usage of Undergraduate College Students in Xavier University: Proposed Customer-Oriented Library Service

Researcher: ROMAN V. ELLOVIDO

Course: Master of Science in Library Science

School: University of San Carlos, Philippines

Subject Area: Library Services

Year of Graduation: 1999

Annotated Bibliography an Language Testing

Researcher: FLORHAIDA V. PAMATMAT

Course: Master of Arts in Education Major in Library Science

School: Philippine Normal University

Subject Area: Bibliographies

Year of Graduation: 1999

Current Foreign Books in the PNU Undergraduate Library: A Bibliographic and Collection Development

Researcher: ROSALINDA T. SANTOS

Course: Master of Arts in Education Major in Library Science

School: Philippine Normal University

Subject Area: Collection Development

Year of Graduation: 1999

Library Instructional Modules for Secondary Schools

Researcher: ROSARIO A. VILLAMATER

Course: Master of Arts in Education Major in Library Science

School: Philippine Normal University

Subject Area: Library Instruction

Year of Graduation: 1999